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It is an proxy is also referred to as proxy server, which is a software that acts acting as an intermediary between a client and server on internet. Without the use of a proxy, users could send a request for an item directly to a server, and it would serve direct to users who requested the resource. While this approach is straightforward to understand and implement but using proxies provides advantages such as more performance as well as privacy, security and many more. As an additional layer for moving through, a proxy functions as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.




The majority of people agree this: the mix of hardware for servers and installed proxy software is frequently called proxy servers. In this article, we'll concentrate on proxies that are typically described in terms of software as well as those utilized in conjunction to web server. This article will provide the full description of two types of proxy: that is the forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each is unique in its use that is frequently confused due to the identical namesake convention.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies are and what they are subtypes of, as well as the ways they can prove useful for common setups. After reading this article you'll learn to discern the scenarios where a proxy can be useful, and then decide the appropriate choice for reverse or forward proxy for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy sometimes known in the form of open proxy. An open proxy is a representative of a client who is trying to send an internet request to an source server. In this situation it is the situation that all requests coming from the client will be directed to this forward proxy. In this case the forward proxy acting instead of the client will scrutinize the request. At the beginning, it will decide whether the client is allowed to forward requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it decides to deny this request and transfer it over to the original server. It isn't able to connect directly via the Internet. It only has access to what the forward proxy allows it access to.




A common reason for using forward proxy is to achieve more privacy or protection online. Forward proxy utilizes the internet as a separate client, and during this process, it can use another IP address in opposition to the IP address of the client.




Depending on how they were set up in the past forward proxy servers could offer a wide range of options. They allow you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Establish restrictions based on the where you live.




Forward proxies are also used in systems that offer central security and permit-based access, such as in the workplace. In the event that all internet traffic is routed via an open forward proxy, an administrator can grant only a small number of clients online access which is filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of ensuring firewalls are in place on the layer of clients which can include multiple machines that have different environments and users, the firewall could be installed at the layer which redirects traffic from proxy servers.




Keep in mind that forward proxy servers have to be manually setup to use, whereas reverse proxy are often ignored by clients. Based on the fact that clients' IP addresses are sent to the server that originated it via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity can be made more transparent.




There are a myriad of possibilities to consider in the case of forward proxies:




Apache An open-source, well-known web server that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another renowned open-source webserver with forward proxy functionality.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses an HTTP protocol. It does not include an entire web server. Read our article on the most efficient way to setup Squid proxy for connection with private networks in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol rather than HTTP, making it more suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer communication. You might also want to learn how to setup an Dante proxy for private connections within Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is a representative of a web server which manages requests by customers on its behalf. The web server could represent a single or several servers. Additionally, it could be an application server, like Gunicorn. Any of the above scenarios, the request may come via the internet in general. The majority of the time, the request will be sent directly to the server, along with the information the user is looking for. Reverse proxy, however, acts as an intermediary to isolate your server from interactions with the open internet.




From a user's point of view from a user's point of view reverse proxy is not different from communicating directly with you web server directly. It's basically the same, and the client can't discern the difference. Client requests a resource, that is then followed by receiving it, without any extra configuration required by the end-user.




Reverse proxy proxies may offer features, like:




Centrally secured to protect Web Server Layer.


The sending of traffic according to rules that you can establish.


Additional functionality for caching.




While central security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy solutions, reverse proxy provides this benefit to only the server layer, not to the layer that connects to the client. Instead of maintaining firewalls on the layer of web servers which can contain several servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. In addition, the removal of the requirement of interfacing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients who aren't connected to web servers allows the firewall to concentrate on serving the needs of their clients.




If there are multiple servers in a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy also takes care of how requests are routed to which server. There could be multiple web servers running on the same server, serving different types of resources, or a mix of both. They can be using the HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server. They can also use protocols for applications such as FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to send customers to specific servers according to the type of resource they are seeking, or to follow certain rules to manage traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also benefit from their positioning ahead of web servers through the ability to cache. Large static assets can be configured with caching policies to avoid having to connect to web servers with each request, with certain solutions giving the option to directly serve static assets without having to connect with the server even once. Additionally reverse proxy is able to manage the compression of these assets.




The famous Nginx web server is also an acknowledged reverse proxy service. Although the Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy feature, it's a separate feature that is available for Apache however Nginx was initially designed for and focused on reverse proxy functions.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Utilizing Differentiation of Forward Proxy and Reverse Use



Because "forward" or "reverse" come with connotations of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic. The labels are confusing because both types of proxies can be used to handle requests as well as responses. A better approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to study the specifications of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy can be helpful in the development of a method to offer web-based applications over the internet. They act as your servers whenever you connect to the internet.




Forward proxy can be beneficial when they are used in front of the client for your personal use, or in a workplace setting. They can be used to represent the traffic of your clients whenever you use the internet.




A distinction based on usage case instead of focusing solely upon similar conventions for naming can aid in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article provides the definition of a proxy, which includes two main kinds of proxy: the forward one and the reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for application and a look at beneficial features was used to distinguish between forward proxy and reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring the possibilities of proxies, then you can check out our tutorial on how you can set up Nginx as reverse and web server proxy for Apache on one Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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